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Welcome to 4rail.net Super High Speed Trains Main Page!
Welcome to the main page of the 4rail.net ever growing super high speed and high speed trains section. The creating of high speed systems and trains for them has been a huge success story of high tech development!

You will find here several dozen of the most successful trains of these types plus a lot of information on the infrastructure, manufacturers and the advanced technology needed. You may also be interested in the News Section on the High Speed Trains. There is a theme page devoted to Super High Speed Trains as well as a number of other pages around different high speed themes. The super high speed class here means that the train is capable of production running speeds of 280 km/h (174 mph) and over. We will also soon create another page for many interesting "normal" high speed trains of speeds 220 km/h - 280 km/h (137 mph - 174 mph). There will be as well be a new page dedicated to the super high speed future as well as the "semi" high speed page (200-220 km/h / 124-137 mph).


This page already contains much of the latest information on the super high speed divided to train families and manufacturers. Updates will appear regularly, so if you can't find what you are looking, come back soon!



Created for 4rail.net by John McKey. Pictures by Ilkka and Sanna Siissalo, Nick Slocombe, Pekka Siiskonen and John McKey.


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A drawing of the Velaro-D DB class 407 in use arriving at station


High Speed Train Families
  
Train families like ICE, Velaro, Shinkansen, TGV, CRH, Pendolino, Zefiro, AGV, etc. form a formidable fleet of super high speed and high speed fleet of several thousand train units. Before taking a look at each of them please read a short description on each of these.    
     

   The most common high speed train families... 




High Speed Service Providers

Take a quick look at the companies running the super high speed and high speed traffic. Outside the traditional national companies there are already a handful of companies which practicing competition, although the new companies most often are also owned by the same giants.


  Look at the High Speed Services... 

SBB Pendolino ETR610 in "Swisalpino" colors, Basel, Switzerland Tilting High Speed Trains
Tilting high speed train fill in a niche market on the high speed train on the conventional track, where super high speed is not possible because of the economical reasons or lower volumes than would be needed to build the real high speed line. The slight tilt is useful especially on the well maintained but curvy track which can be found most anywhere in Europe.



   Tilting High Speed Train Types...
 
SBB Pendolino ETR610 in "Swisalpino" colors, Basel, Switzerland

High Speed Lines
Most high speed trains need special high speed lines to operate effectively. Initially these were just smaller stretches on the heavily trafficked lines, but in the recent years these have started forming international networks of high speed and super high speed trains.

 
Railjet

Uncommon Solutions for High Speed
One of the creative solutions for the high speed segment is ÖBB's fleet of Railjet virtual EMUs. These semi permanently coupled together units consist of specially adapted Taurus locomotive with trailers and the driving trailer following it. The unit can be driven 230 km/h (143 mph) both ways. Dozens are in use for Austria and the neighboring countries.

 
Southeastern "Javelin" class 395 unit 018 at St Pacras in London More high speed trains
Class 395 "Javelin" is one of the high speed trains running from St Pancras on the British high speed one (towards Channel Tunnel). The trains wisely the capacity between the Eurostar high speed trains and some freight towards continental Europe.
 
ICN / Rabde500 at Wassen on Gotthard Route

Semi high speed trains
By definition, high speed on this site, means at least 220 km/h speeds for everyday travel. There are numerous trains that are almost there, but not quite. This section will be devoted to those.

 
Hikari Rail Star High speed service providers
 
TGV-LaPoste, France High Speed Freight
In Europe there has been a long term discussion goin on about night flights. More specifically, flying at night from the larger volume airfields disturbs peoples sleep so this is to be banned. Europe has been very industrious on creating high speed and super high speed lines for railroads, and it now looks like these will be used even at night. Besides the passenger services the lines will be occupied by parcel and o
ther freigth trains dashing between the largest cities and airfields. These trains will use according to plans normal airline containers easing the transfers at the airports, trainports and truckports. The whole arena will be reformed durind the next two or three years. This is truly another proof of the reneissaissance of the railroads!
 
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  Most Common High Speed Train Families
A drawing of the Velaro-D DB class 407 in use arriving at station


Velaros and ICEs
The Velaro / ICE family of Siemens AG is the best seller for today's super high speed trains. Half of the population of the Central European nations can travel in these trains today. New Velaro EMUs have now been taken into use around the world too, even in China and Russia.

In the picture is the newest member of the large fleet of Velaro trains, the class 407 of the Deutsche Bahn. This class of trains are currently in the testing phase and every nuance is being perfected before their use in the international fleet of the DB. Destinations will be between France, Belgium and the German larger cities, where the trains will compete with airlines. In 2015 super high speed dash to London from Germany will be added. The news are now telling that the Velaro-D will be used for Köln - Brüssel route first as well as additional capacity to Paris once the certifications runs are done.

The ICE / Velaro comes in every form from super high speed units to tilting and even diesel units! they are used from hot climates of Spain to extreme coldness in Russian Siberia.

  More on Velaro and ICE Super High Speed Trains Page...


TGVs

The French TGV was for long synonymous for the super high speed travels on the rail. The TGVs were the first trains to use almost 300 km/h (186 Mph) speeds in normal everyday traffic in a large scale. Even today the large fleet of over 500 TGV trains keeps the France moving and the newer trains have evolved significantly from the beginnings in the early 1980s. Some TGV units have also been built for export markets.


  More on TGV Super High Speed Trains Page...
SBB Pendolino ETR610 in "Swisalpino" colors, Basel, Switzerland
Pendolino
Pendolino tilting high speed trains are widespread because the type was one of the first high speed train families marketed for normal rail. The tilting meant that in the early stages of adopting the high speed mode there was no need for building a separate high speed track. This easy start approach has been immensely popular in Europe, although you can now find Pendolinos in China too.


  More on Pendolino High Speed Trains Page...
   
ICx of Deutsche Bahn, Germany


ICx
The early high speed train designs like ICE1 or the TGV-PSE were state of the art 30 years ago. But since the fast development in the area has led to significant improvements and now there is a road map for the TGV-PSE, ICE1 and ICE2 for retirement.

As usual the well working system has also meant the need for increased capacity and a creation of a new sub high speed class. The first ICx trains will be built by Siemens for this capacity need and the later units for the replacement of the ICE1 and ICE2 units. While not quite as fast as the ICE1/2, the operator DB has found out that most of the time the very top speed is not used even today. And for the higher speeds the Deutsche Bahn can always offer their Velaros / ICE3's.

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  Tilting High Speed and Semi High Speed Trains
Västtrafik X52-2 number 9040 at Jönköping, Sweden

What once was rare, has now become very common feature of the semi high speed and high speed trains: tilting to increase speed on the traditional railroad lines.

The tilting trains are often introduced on lines, when the money can not be raised in the short term for any larger building project and there obviously is demand for a faster than normal travelling. Example of this approach can be found on tracks Northwest of London, UK. The positive results often, as in this case too, are that the numbers of people travelling will steadily raise. With the increasing numbers a true high speed line with super high speed EMUs can be judged sooner or later.

The approach above will go around the bottleneck found in California: trying to build a super high speed system all at once is a formidable obstacle with scarce money and nonexistent customer pool. If they just would take one step at the time, slowly building the customer base that takes decades to form anyway, no matter what type of line is in use... you have to consider that the Germans took a whole 200 years to perfect their system! One step at the time. Today, Germany is one of the leading industrial nations with Velaro super high speed trains crossing the country on high speed networks.

 

   On left above a Swedish Västtrafik Bombardier manufactured X52-2 is providing for the regional service of Jönköping, Sweden. This unit tilts to run curvous track faster than a normal train would. Picture by Ilkka Siissalo.

  On left the SBB ICN unit is taking a serious tilt to make the travelling more comfortable for those aboard it. ICNs provide much of the semi high speed traffic inside Switzerland. Picture by Nick Slocombe.



SBB Rabde on Gotthard route,  Switzerland
DB ICE-T is tilting on the curve Deutsche Bahn ICE-T
The Deutsche Bahn (German railways) owns a sizable fleet of tilting ICE3 looking trains. 71 ICE-T EMUs handle a sizable portion of the high speed traffic on the nondedicated super high speed lines. Germany is relatively populated and the rail lines follow the shapes of the landscape, so there is really a market segment for tilting passenger services.
NSB Bm73b in red, Oslo, Norway  
SBB Pendolino ETR610 in "Swisalpino" colors, Basel, Switzerland


600 series Pendolinos

SJ X2000 in the center of Stockholm, Sweden  
DSB ICE-TD number 03 in Copenhagen, Denmark  
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  High Speed Service Providers
DB ICE3 class 406 stopping in Liege, Belgium

Deutsche Bahn of Germany
Deutsche Bahn branded its high speed services as ICE, Inter City Express, in the 1990s. This has remained so until now and numerous trains like the one on the left have these famous three letters painted on them. The ICE concept has been a real success story, both at home in Germany and in the neighboring countries, some of which are daily served by the DB. The ICE is also used by the DB cooperation companies like NS in Netherlands and Belgian railways, which own some of the ICE3 class 406 trains. DB's high speed operations rely much on the ICE1, ICE2, ICE3 and Velaro trains, the newest addition being the class 407 Velaro of Siemens added to the family to increase the capacity.

Eurostar Capitals units 3214 and 3215 at St Pacras in London

Eurostar International Ltd.
Eurostar offers trains with its name between London, U.K. and destinations on the Continental Europe, Paris, Lille, Brussels and ski holiday towns on the Alps. The company traffics two kinds of U.K. and Channel Tunnel regulations adapted TGVs, and in the near future also Velaro-UK models dubbed as Eurostar 320i. These will run faster than the first generation of trains and reach destinations beyond the ones trafficked now with the TGVs. Most likely plans target for Amsterdam and German larger cities in the West.

The Eurostar terminal in London is a St Pancras magnificent building in the Northern side of London. In Paris the surroundings are offered by equally impressive and historic Paris Gare du Nord, the Northern Station.

Karelian Trains Allegro Pendolino number 02, Helsinki Main, Finland
Karelian trains of RzD and VR-Yhtymä
Velaro-RUS at St Petersburg Moscowskaya station, Russia


RzD of Russia
High Speed railways are often among other factors a prestige project for any developed country, even more so in the country that is trying hard to develop and evolve to more modern society like Russia today.

The state operator RzD has several types of high speed trains in its use. We will create an article on these plus add some background to enlighten the campaign that has been going on for decades ever since the Soviet period. Most visible high speed train types are the Velaro-Rus "Sapsans" (class Ers1) and "Allegro" Pendolinos, co-owned with the VR of Finland. Russia also has numerous semihigspeed trains.

Railjet in Austria


Railjet of Austria
In the late 1990s ÖBB, the Austrian Railways, saw huge markets opening to its immediate neighborhood. It decided to invest into new rolling stock and create as effective fleet as possible. This meant in many cases using as few types of rolling stock as possible.

ÖBB ordered large quantities of true multiuse Taurus (ES64U2) locomotives and for the use in passenger rail matching coach sets with driving trailers. Coupled semi permanently with the Taurus locomotive they together form virtual EMUs with top speed of 230 km/h! What an ingenious invention of Siemens and ÖBB!

Although the market did not become reality and the sets have had slow start, the passenger numbers are slowly growing and Railjets are used today in high speed traffic to neighboring countries, not just within their home turf Austria.

Southeastern "Javelin" class 395 unit 018 at St Pacras in London


Southeastern of U.K.
The Southeastern runs class 395 EMUs east of London along the HS1 (British High Speed 1) line and the nearby towns.

Here the unit is seen during the trial traffic at St Pancras station in London, U.K. Picture by John McKey.


Virgin Trains


SNCF, the French State Railways
Societe Nationale...

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